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The Russian Empire Timeline (1721-1917)

1682                Brothers Ivan V and Peter I crowned czars 1695-1700      War with Ottoman Empire 1696                Ivan V dies, leaving Peter I as the sole czar 1696-97           Peter’s…

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Natural Law

Natural law is both a moral and legal theory that posits the existence of a law whose content is set by nature and therefore has validity everywhere.…

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Seneca

Lucius Annaeus Seneca (c. 4 B.C.-65 A.D.) was a late, Roman Stoic who contributed to the concept of a cosmopolitan community governed by a global ethics. As…

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Cicero

Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 B.C.) was the Roman philosopher who erected the basic conceptual framework of the “law of nations” which has influenced subsequent international law, theory,…

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Ideology

An ideology is a set of beliefs and expressions that present, interpret, and evaluate the world in a way designed to organize, mobilize, and justify social and…

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The Alcibiades of Our Time

We now have two presidential candidates each appealing to their bases with head-fakes to an ever-diminishing center. Donald Trump has tapped into the political, economic, and cultural…

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